Many women around the world rely on intrauterine devices (IUDs), particularly the copper-based Paragard IUD. These Paragard IUDs are praised for their non-hormonal approach to pregnancy prevention. However, there are concerns about copper’s systemic effects on women’s health.
In this article, we will explain the scientific basis of the negative effects of copper IUDs. This will provide you with a better understanding of how to balance contraception with reproductive health in women.
Women’s Health in Light of the Paragard Lawsuit
The Paragard lawsuit reignited concerns about the risks of copper IUDs. As of March 2024, there were over 2,570 pending lawsuits, with the first bellwether trials scheduled to begin in 2024.
The lawsuit centers on claims that the Paragard IUD device, specifically its arms, can break during the removal process. Plaintiffs allege that this constitutes a design flaw. In addition, manufacturers Cooper Surgical and Teva Pharmaceuticals failed to adequately warn healthcare providers and patients about this risk.
According to TorHoerman Law, those affected by Paragard’s potential defects may qualify for legal action to receive compensation. They should claim for their pain, suffering, and associated costs (lost wages and medical bills).
Copper IUDs: A Quick Overview
The Paragard IUD is a type of birth control device that is placed in the uterine cavity. Unlike hormonal IUDs, the former uses a copper coil to create an inhospitable environment for sperm.
This copper surgical method is effective, but it has raised concerns about copper’s long-term systemic effects.
How It Works
The Paragard IUD is available in the shape of T and is a plastic structure inserted into the uterus. It is wrapped in copper wire, which continuously emits copper ions. These ions create a toxic environment for sperm, preventing them from fertilizing an egg or implanting in the uterus.
Effectiveness
At a 99% success rate, copper IUDs are the among the effective birth control option available. They can be left in place for up to ten years and removed at any time if pregnancy is desired.
Side Effects
Unfortunately, the positive effectiveness is balanced by equally negative side effects. These include heavier and longer periods, particularly within the first few months of insertion. Other possible side effects include cramping, bleeding between periods, and severe menstrual pain.
The Systemic Effects of Copper
Copper is identified as a trace element found in humans’ body, playing an important role in many physiological processes. It aids in the formation of RBCs, maintains healthy bones, nerves, and immune function, and is integral to iron absorption. Further, copper plays a crucial role in creating energy in cells and contribute in the synthesis of neurotransmitters. Its antioxidant properties safeguard body cells from damage by free radicals. Due to its wide-ranging roles, maintaining proper copper levels is necessary for better health.
However, the ongoing use of a copper IUD has raised concerns about the possibility of copper accumulation and its systemic effects. According to some studies, copper IUDs can increase local endometrial angiogenesis and fibrinolytic activity, resulting in abnormal uterine bleeding.
Long-Term Systemic Health Implications of Copper Insertions
Paragard is not recommended for individuals with uterine or cervical cancer or unexplained vaginal bleeding. There’s a risk of IUD expulsion, especially in younger women, those who have never been pregnant. It’s also common to those who previously expelled an IUD or had the IUD inserted immediately after childbirth.
Let us delve a little deeper into common systematic health implications:
Anemia
Heavy menstrual bleeding due to copper insertion can deplete the body’s iron stores over a prolonged time, resulting in anemia. This condition is distinguished by fatigue and weakness, which occur due to insufficient healthy RBC.
Copper Toxicity
While the risk of copper toxicity from a copper IUD is generally low, it does occur. It is particularly evident in people with pre-existing conditions that impair the liver’s ability to process copper. Copper toxicity may cause headaches, fever, and vomiting. In severe cases, copper toxicity can impair liver function, resulting in liver damage or failure.
Complications from the Failure of the Copper IUD Device
Paragard IUD complications can include device breakage, also known as Paragard IUD fractures. This leads to severity if broken IUD pieces become lodged in the uterine wall. Such incidents not only cause immediate distress, but they may also necessitate a complex removal procedure, which may include surgery. Moreover, Paragard IUD failure can also impair a woman’s reproductive health.
The causes of Paragard IUD failure can include a variety of factors:
- Age: Women under 35 may have a higher risk of IUD failure than those over 35.
- Uterine factors: A small uterine cavity, a pronounced uterine tilt, or uterine abnormalities like large fibroids can interfere with the IUD’s retention.
- Expulsion history: A history of IUD expulsion is a significant predictor of future IUD failure. Women with such a history should have regular medical checkups.
- Device position: A low-lying or malpositioned IUD may contribute to the device’s failure.
- Inexperienced provider: If the IUD is inserted by an amateur healthcare provider, the risk of displacement may increase.
Many women continue to prefer the Paragard IUD as a hormone-free birth control option. In such a case, consider the long-term systemic consequences of copper on women’s health. While the likelihood of serious complications is low, they can be severe and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
